In this handbook, avestapolarit welding presents practical methods for pickling and cleaning stainless steel. It is intended to be both background reading for technical seminars conducted by atlas steels technical services department, and also as a source of ongoing. Facts about stainless steels 46 properties and weldability 48 corrosion 50 ferrite in weld metal 51 storage and handling 55 joining of dissimilar steels 56 disclaimer all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure accuracy of information contained in this handbook at the time of going to press. Corrosion tables and diagrams corrosion handbook how to link to the corrosion diagrams on the outokumpu stainless web site. All or a portion of the requirements of the epri nuclear. The most familiar stainless steel is probably type 304, sometimes called t304 or simply 304. Stainless steel scc can initiate from nominally undamaged smooth and notched surfaces, although some localised pitting or crevice corrosion always precedes scc.
Handbook of stainless steels donald peckner, irving melvin. Reading list for new corrosion engineers in the nuclear. Handbook provides additional guidance and information to ensure the doe sci process is. Few stainless steels contain more than 30% cr or less than 50% iron. A riskinformed inspection methodology to minimize the number of required examinations will be developed.
Carbon steel handbook oli systems response to covid19. It is intended that this handbook present, in the form of a single. Ssab steel handbooks for the worlds most advanced steel products, we offer the most advanced technical support. Austenitic stainless steel handbook 1016374 technical report program. The consensus is that feedwater oxygen, iron, and copper content should be very low e. The electric power research institute epri conducts research, development, and demonstration projects for the benefit of the public in the united states and internationally. Irradiationinduced swelling in 20% coldworked type 316 stainless steel can be described by the use of a bilinear equation with. The metallurgical guidebook compiles essential information on basic steel metallurgy culled from design codes, industry experience, and previous epri reports. Elga stainless steel technical handbook stainless steel is not a speci. Stainless steel stainless steel handbooks, manuals, etc steel, stainless steel, stainless handbooks. The long construction times associated with nuclear plants and the large number of redundant or standby systems where water is allowed to remain stagnant for long periods of time produce conditions under which microbialinduced corrosion mic can occur. Stainless steels are steels which normally have a chromium content of at least 10.
Referencesoutokumpu welding handbook, first edition, 2010. Martensitic probably the least well know group of stainless steels mostly these can be tempered and hardened due to the addition of carbon, with the popular grades being 410 and 420 1. However, it is not corrosion resistant and must therefore have some type of coating to protect it from corrosion. All welded attachments to piping, including pads and doubler plates, shall be of a material 100 % compatible with the piping material. Epri guidelines and specifications for highreliability. Bolts of stainless steel cresare available in a variety of. Modified type 316 stainless steel with controlled additions of titanium and. Corrosion cracking of welded stainless steel dry storage canisters 66. These could be potentially greater than in carbon steel frames if the steel is stressed into the nonlinear portion of the stressstrain curve. Quantum mechanical approach to stainless steel alloys 3. Practical guidelines for the fabrication of high performance austenitic stainless steels, imoa.
The principal object of such a product is to com bine, at low cost, the desirable properties of the stainless steel and the backing material for appli. Sensor requirements for detection and characterization of. Metric fastener thread series m is the common thread profile. Electric power research institute 3420 hillview avenue, palo alto, california 9430438 po box 10412, palo alto, california 9430308 usa 800. Fatigue limit of stainless steel for use in vibration evaluation june 30, 2016. Supplement 2 is only a summary that is useful in comparing the general requirements in different types of specifications. Introduction to stainless steels stainless steels are ironbase alloys that contain a minimum of about 12% cr, the amount needed to prevent the formation of rust in unpolluted atmospheres hence the designation stainless.
Gandy electric power research institute 3420 hillview avenue, palo alto, california 9430438 po box 10412, palo alto, california 9430308 usa 800. Ansi hardware design guide design torque and force calculations. C where a protective alumina layer forms to protect the steel against further oxidation, especially in the presence of water vapour 20. It is a complete revision of the design manual for structural stainless steel, which was prepared by the steel construction institute between 1989 and 1992 and published by euro inox in 1994. A stainlesssteelcladmetal or alloy is a compositeproductconsistingof athin layer of stainless steel in the form of a veneer integrally bonded to one or both surfaces of the substrate. P11 seamless ferritic alloysteel pipe for high temperature service, is used in the steam circuits of power plants. Thread series mj designates the external thread has an increased. Sensor requirements for detection and characterization of stress corrosion cracking in welded stainless steel canisters conference paper pdf available april. Purpose and objective of nrc meeting 218 present irradiated austenitic stainless steel material. This handbook will follow in the series of pocket handbooks that include carbon steel, grade 11 and 12, and austenitic stainless steels, etc. This handbook was produced by the gasket division of the fluid sealing association fsa and the flange gasket division of the european sealing association esa.
Gasket handbook 1 edition fluid sealing association. Torque values stainless steel bolt table chart engineers. The standard metric fastener thread series for general purpose threaded components is the m thread profile and the coarse pitch thread series. Practices which will prevent or reduce potential for mic, including material substitution, are discussed, along with efforts to heighten awareness of the problem. Gandy remaininglife assessment of austenitic stainless steel superheater and reheater tubes subjected to longterm overheat creep damage 1016375 technical report program. Separate tools shall be used for titanium materials. Leeroy wisner s stainless steel torx head sc ope sight base. This report describes research sponsored by the electric power research institute epri. Fabrication of high alloy piping shall take place in. F amilies of stainless steel 9 10 medium and high crbased jfemh1 15cr1. Epri also provides evaluation programs to certify mechanics, radiation.
Carbon steel handbook 1014670 final report, march 2007 3. The link connects to the online outokumpu stainless corrosion handbook the corrosion tables show the anticipated resistance of a range of stainless steel grades to a wide range of chemicals including most common acids. Epri, water treatment strategies, microorganism control, epri 1009598, 2004. Aging management guidance to address potential chloride. If heat treatment is a necessity and full corrosion resistance of the austenitic stain less steel is needed, columbium or titaniumstabilized types or. An extension of the source book for sourcebook for microbiologically influenced corrosion in nuclear power plants, epri np6815, 1990. Furthermore, the shape of the work piece has to be taken intoaccount, as large differences in thicknesses can give rise to newresidual stresses during rapid cooling from high temperatures. Besides intergranular cracking owing to sensitisation, the scc can be intergranular in some environments and transgranular in others, notably acidic chloridecontaining aqueous. Aerospace alloy steel fasteners are usually cadmium plated for corrosion protection. Regulatory guide is that austenitic stainless steels excluding lowcarbon or. Pdf sensor requirements for detection and characterization.
John sieferts research works electric power research institute. Type 304 surgical stainless steel is an austenitic steel containing 1820% chromium and 810% nickel. This handbook is part of a mutual commitment to industry consensus technical education for end users, contractors, distributors, students and others interested in gaskets. Epri, detection and control of microbiologically influenced corrosion. Observed and predicted relationships between the crack propagation rate and water conductivity for a type 316l stainless steel and b sensitized type 304 stainless steel under constant load 25 ksivin in 288c water containing 200 ppb oxygen ford et al. Electric power research institute and epri are registered service marks of the. Prediction of stress corrosion cracking scc in nuclear. This handbook is mainly intended for structural designers and production engineers, but also for development and purchase functions. Industrynrc 2012 meeting bac testing program february 29, 2012 boric acid corrosion. They achieve their stainless characteristics through. Handbook of stainless steel outokumpu high performance. Epri, checworks tm computer program users guide, report tr103198p, electric. Stainless steel is defined as an ironcarbon alloy with a maximum of 1,2% carbon and minimum of 10,5% chromium, necessary to ensure the buildup of a selfhealing surface layer passive layer which provides the corrosion resistance and make it. Fabrication of high alloy piping shall take place in areas separated from areas.
Stainless steel stainless steel handbooks, manuals, etc steel, stainless steel. The electric power research institute epri, 2005, 2006 and the nuclear decommissioning. Carbon and lowalloy steels, stainless steels and copper alloys are all susceptible to mic in rawwater applications. The report is a corporate document that should be cited in the literature in the following manner. With significant challenges facing the electric industry and the world, we are always seeking top talent with handson experience to address issues as they relate to the generation, delivery, use, management and environmental responsibility of global electricity. Steel forming and heat treating handbook technical report pdf. An alloy steel is a highstrength carbon steel that can be heat treated up to 300 ksi. Steel castings handbook supplement 2 summary of standard specifications for steel castings 2017 preface supplement 2 will be revised at regular intervals. Introduction to stainless steels asm international. The aims of this handbook are to provide a generally increased.
Technical handbook of stainless steel this technical handbook has been produced as an aid to all personnel of atlas steels, their customers and the engineering community generally. Stainless steel cladding and weld overlays asm international. Cast austenitic stainless steel mockups will be available for industry use in training, research, and qualification activities. When ordering, an uptodate original specification should be used. The limitation of this representation became apparent with the need for a more quantitative analysis of the benefits of various mitigation actions, and the realization that the actual cracking process was.
Recommended bolt torque values for stainless steel and nonferrous fasteners inch series. Continental steel pte ltd 100 gul circle, singapore 629586. Carbon steel handbookwelding world linkedin slideshare. As an independent, nonprofit organization for public interest energy and environmental research, we focus on electricity generation, delivery, and use in collaboration with the electricity sector, its stakeholders and. Sensor requirements for detection and characterization of stress corrosion cracking in welded stainless steel canisters conference paper pdf available april 2018 with 519 reads how we measure. The alloy has a high hardenability so that a wide range of hardness 144 to about 400 bhn and other mechanical. Marshall space flight center, marshall space flight center, alabama. Microbiologically influenced corrosion of stainless steels.
The grade 22 low alloy steel handbook materials reliability program. The common stainless steel grades found within this family include 409 1. The best singlevolume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the asm handbook series. Heating unstabilized stainless steels that have a carbon content of 0. Evaluation of corrosion on the fuel performance of stainless steel. Steel castings handbook supplement 8 high alloy data sheets. In order to minimize boiler system corrosion, an understanding of the operational.
Shannon chu epri nuclear power sector high level waste group nr c p ub. Epri is at the center of a quickly evolving energy landscape. The following torque values are suggested maximums based upon actual lab testing on clean and dry or near dry fasteners. In nuclear reactors, the use of stainless steel ss as the cladding material. Handbook of stainless steels donald peckner, irving. The ssab design handbook contains the latest knowledge about highstrength steel, provides guidance on material selection and structural design, and offers manufacturing tips and advice. Ryan jones and glenn white dominion engineering, inc. The ssab steel handbooks bring you more than 40 years of experience in steelmaking and design as well as expertise from leading steel experts, thousands of product applications globally and enduser experience on all continents. Ferritic steels have ferrite body centered cubic crystal as their main phase. The families of stainless steel stainless steels are ironbased alloys containing a minimum of about 10. Design manual for structural stainless steel commentary. In addition to good atmospheric corrosion resistance, the alloy provides excellent resistance to corrosion or staining by many organic media in relatively mild service.
This barcode number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. Epri arai fm fqa g gidep gl iacc iaea idea ic ifi ig inpo ipr iso ncr nist nnsa nqa american gas association american national standards institute. Includes additional data and reference information carefully selected and adapted from other authoritative asm sources. Appropriate safety procedures when handling the products involved are also described. Proceedings of fatigue management handbook training. Steel castings handbook supplement 8 high alloy data. Failure modes and effects analysis fmea of welded stainless. Handbook provides additional guidance and information to ensure the doe sci.
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